I updated the EC firmware for my Executive 255H to version 1.18.00 and noticed a decrease in GPU performance when the laptop is disconnected from the charger.
I did a little research and realized that when the charger is disconnected, the actual iGPU frequency is limited to 100 MHz, which is very low.
I didn't immediately associate this with the EC update, so I tried different methods for quite a while and even switched from the i915 to the xe driver.
But the frequency was limited to 100 MHz on both drivers.
And only when I rolled back the firmware to 1.17.00 did the problem disappear immediately.
Some tech details:
It throttle on PL4 and force drop the `act_freq` of GPU to 100, but the system ask for max freq (see cur_freq)